MSN2 / YMR037C Overview
- Standard Name
- MSN2 1
- Systematic Name
- YMR037C
- SGD ID
- SGD:S000004640
- Feature Type
- ORF , Verified
- Description
- Stress-responsive transcriptional activator; activated in stochastic pulses of nuclear localization in response to various stress conditions; binds DNA at stress response elements of responsive genes; light sensing pathway component that accumulates in the nucleus in response to blue light; relative distribution to nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
- Name Description
- Multicopy suppressor of SNF1 mutation 1
- Paralog
- MSN4
- Comparative Info
-
Sequence
The S. cerevisiae Reference Genome sequence is derived from laboratory strain S288C. Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. Click "Sequence Details" to view all sequence information for this locus, including that for other strains.
Analyze Sequence
S288C only
BLASTN | BLASTP | Design Primers | Restriction Fragment Map | Restriction Fragment Sizes | Six-Frame Translation
S288C vs. other species
BLASTN vs. fungi | BLASTP at NCBI | BLASTP vs. fungi
S288C vs. other strains
Protein
Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein.
- Summary
- Msn2p is 704 amino acids long, somewhat short-lived, low in abundance; contains 2 zinc fingers; phosphorylated on 22 residues; relative distribution to nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
- Length (a.a.)
- 704
- Mol. Weight (Da)
- 77852.2
- Isoelectric Point
- 6.55
- Median Abundance (molecules/cell)
- 2327 +/- 566
- Half-life (hr)
- 6.4
Alleles
Curated mutant alleles for the specified gene, listed alphabetically. Click on the allele name to open the allele page. Click "SGD search" to view all alleles in search results.
View all MSN2 alleles in SGD search
Gene Ontology
GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies (Molecular Function, Biological Process, and Cellular Component), a reference, and an evidence code. SGD has manually curated and high-throughput GO Annotations, both derived from the literature, as well as computational, or predicted, annotations. Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes.
- Summary
- Sequence-specific DNA-binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor involved in the regulation of transcription in response to a wide variety of stresses; shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm
View computational annotations
Molecular Function
- Manually Curated
- enables cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (IDA)
- enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (IDA, IMP)
- enables zinc ion binding (RCA)
Biological Process
- Manually Curated
- involved in cellular hypotonic response (IGI)
- involved in cellular response to acidic pH (IGI, IMP)
- involved in cellular response to alkaline pH (IGI)
- involved in cellular response to amino acid starvation (IGI)
- involved in cellular response to arsenic-containing substance (IGI)
- involved in cellular response to caloric restriction (IGI)
- involved in cellular response to cold (IGI)
- involved in cellular response to ethanol (IGI)
- involved in cellular response to freezing (IGI)
- involved in cellular response to glucose starvation (IGI)
- involved in cellular response to heat (IGI, IMP)
- involved in cellular response to hydrogen peroxide (IGI, IMP)
- involved in cellular response to hydrostatic pressure (IGI)
- involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation (IGI)
- involved in cellular response to nitrosative stress (IGI)
- involved in cellular response to salt (IGI)
- involved in cellular response to zinc ion starvation (IGI)
- involved in chromatin remodeling (IGI)
- involved in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (IGI, IMP)
- involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (IGI)
Phenotype
Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. In addition, annotations are classified as classical genetics or high-throughput (e.g., large scale survey, systematic mutation set). Whenever possible, allele information and additional details are provided. Click "Phenotype Details" to view all phenotype annotations and evidence for this locus as well as phenotypes it shares with other genes.
- Summary
- Non-essential gene; null mutants exhibit slow growth, abnormal vacuolar morphology, decreased dessication and freeze-thaw resistance, decreased lifespan; heterozygous diploid null is haploinsufficient, sensitive to starvation and oxidative stress; overexpression slows growth, increases trehalose accumulation, freeze-thaw resistance, and ethanol tolerance
Classical Genetics
- null
- cell death: absent
- chronological lifespan: decreased
- desiccation resistance: decreased
- fermentative growth: increased rate
- freeze-thaw resistance: decreased
- oxidative stress resistance: decreased
- prion formation: increased
- protein/peptide accumulation: decreased
- protein/peptide accumulation: increased
- resistance to chemicals: decreased
- resistance to chemicals: increased
- resistance to enzymatic treatment: decreased
- toxin resistance: increased
- overexpression
- chemical compound accumulation: decreased
- chemical compound accumulation: increased
- fermentative metabolism: increased
- freeze-thaw resistance: increased
- protein/peptide accumulation: decreased
- protein/peptide accumulation: increased
- protein/peptide distribution: abnormal
- protein/peptide modification: increased
- replicative lifespan: decreased
- resistance to chemicals: decreased
- resistance to chemicals: increased
- RNA accumulation: increased
- viability: increased
- reduction of function
- overexpression
- null
- chronological lifespan: decreased
- competitive fitness: decreased
- competitive fitness: increased
- desiccation resistance: decreased
- filamentous growth: decreased
- haploinsufficient
- invasive growth: absent
- oxidative stress resistance: decreased
- resistance to chemicals: decreased
- resistance to chemicals: increased
- starvation resistance: decreased
- toxin resistance: decreased
- vacuolar morphology: abnormal
- vegetative growth: decreased
- vegetative growth: decreased rate
- viable
- reduction of function
Large-scale Survey
Interaction
Interaction annotations are curated by BioGRID and include physical or genetic interactions observed between at least two genes. An interaction annotation is composed of the interaction type, name of the interactor, assay type (e.g., Two-Hybrid), annotation type (e.g., manual or high-throughput), and a reference, as well as other experimental details. Click "Interaction Details" to view all interaction annotations and evidence for this locus, including an interaction visualization.
- Summary
- Msn2p interacts physically with proteins involved in transcription; MSN2 interacts genetically with genes involved in transcription; the msn2 null mutant is viable, the null mutant of paralog msn4 is viable, the msn2 msn4 double mutant is viable with some carbon utilization defects
312 total interactions for 194 unique genes
Physical Interactions
- Affinity Capture-MS: 20
- Affinity Capture-RNA: 4
- Affinity Capture-Western: 5
- Biochemical Activity: 8
- Co-localization: 3
- Co-purification: 1
- PCA: 2
- Reconstituted Complex: 2
- Two-hybrid: 4
Genetic Interactions
- Dosage Growth Defect: 3
- Dosage Lethality: 1
- Dosage Rescue: 18
- Negative Genetic: 138
- Phenotypic Enhancement: 38
- Phenotypic Suppression: 25
- Positive Genetic: 11
- Synthetic Growth Defect: 16
- Synthetic Haploinsufficiency: 1
- Synthetic Lethality: 2
- Synthetic Rescue: 10
Regulation
The number of putative Regulators (genes that regulate it) and Targets (genes it regulates) for the given locus, based on experimental evidence. This evidence includes data generated through high-throughput techniques. Click "Regulation Details" to view all regulation annotations, shared GO enrichment among regulation Targets, and a regulator/target diagram for the locus.
- Summary
- MSN2 and MSN4 encode paralogous zinc finger transcription factors that regulate the general stress response. Msn2p and Msn4p regulate the expression of ~200 genes in response to several stresses, including heat shock, osmotic shock, oxidative stress, low pH, glucose starvation, sorbic acid and high ethanol concentrations, by binding to the stress response element (STRE), 5'-CCCCT-3', located in their promoters. MSN2 expression is constitutive. Msn2p and Msn4p are largely functionally redundant but there is evidence that the individual regulatory contributions of these transcription factors differ for specific genes and under particular stress conditions. In their N-terminal halves, Msn2/4p contain transcription-activating domains and a nuclear export sequence. At the C-terminus, both proteins contain a zinc-finger binding domain that recognizes the STRE element. DNA binding by Msn2p is thought to be regulated by stress and by the kinases cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA, composed of Tpk1p, Tpk2p, and Tpk3p and regulatory subunit Bcy1p) and Gsk3p. Adjacent to the zinc-finger, Msn2p and Msn4p each contain a nuclear localization signal, which is inhibited by PKA phosphorylation and activated by protein phosphatase 1 dephosphorylation. Under non-stress conditions, Msn2p and Msn4p are located in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic localization is partially regulated by TOR signalling with the 14-3-3 protein Bmh2p acting as a cytoplasmic anchoring partner for Msn2/4p. Upon stress, Msn2/4p are hyperphosphorylated, relocalized to the nucleus and then display a periodic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling behavior. Nuclear export of Msn2p is dependent on the exportin Msn5p and nuclear localization at both the import and export level is regulated by PKA. Msn2p is also positively regulated by the Psr1p/Whi2p phosphatase complex and negatively regulated by Snf1p phosphorylation and by its degradation in the nucleus, a process dependent on the cyclin-dependent kinase Ssn3p.
Expression
Expression data are derived from records contained in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and are first log2 transformed and normalized. Referenced datasets may contain one or more condition(s), and as a result there may be a greater number of conditions than datasets represented in a single clickable histogram bar. The histogram division at 0.0 separates the down-regulated (green) conditions and datasets from those that are up-regulated (red). Click "Expression Details" to view all expression annotations and details for this locus, including a visualization of genes that share a similar expression pattern.
Summary Paragraph
A summary of the locus, written by SGD Biocurators following a thorough review of the literature. Links to gene names and curated GO terms are included within the Summary Paragraphs.
Last Updated: 2007-01-17
Literature
All manually curated literature for the specified gene, organized into topics according to their relevance to the gene (Primary Literature, Additional Literature, or Review). Click "Literature Details" to view all literature information for this locus, including shared literature between genes.